Hilfsverben werden meistens zusammen mit einem Hauptverb verwendet, um einem Satz zusätzliche Bedeutung zu ergänzen.
Sie können auch verwendet werden, um Verben in zusammengesetzten Zeitformen zu konjugieren, um Ja-Nein-Fragen zu stellen und zu beantworten oder um Verneinung und Passiv auszudrücken.
Das geläufigste Hilfsverb “be”, “have” and “do” werden als primäre Hilfsverben bezeichnet.
Sie haben sowohl Infinitive als auch unregelmäßig konjugierte Formen. Sie können manchmal allein als Hauptverben verwendet werden, z.B. “He does just as I say” (to do), “I had everything I needed” (to have), “We have never been to England” (to be).
Als Hilfsverb wird “be” hauptsächlich für Verlaufsformen verwendet, z.B. “I am learning English” (to learn) und für das Passiv, z.B. “She was raised by her mother” (to raise).
“Have” wird auch als Hilfsverb verwendet, um zusammengesetzten Zeitformen wie das gegenwärtige oder das vergangene Perfekt zu bilden, sowohl in der aktiv und in der passiv, z.B. “Have you tried to call him?” (to try), “He had been given a second chance” (to give).
"Do" wird als Hilfsmittel verwendet, um Fragen und negative Sätze mit gewöhnlichen Verben zu bilden. In der gesprochenen Verneinungsform ändert sich „not“ in „-n’t“ , z.B. “Did you see that? – No, I did not / didn’t!” (to see).
Modalverben sind immer von der Infinitiv eines Hauptverbs ohne "to", gefolgt z.B. “You can leave now” (to leave), “She might know about this already” (to know).
Sie haben nur eine Form und können nicht mit anderen Hilfsformen konjugiert werden (keine Verlaufsformen oder Passivformen): Man kann nicht sagen “she musts”, “I am mighting” oder “you were coulded”. Verneinungsformen sind: “can’t”, “couldn’t”, “wouldn’t”, “shouldn’t”, “won’t” and “shan’t”.
Zwei Modalverben können als Vergangenheitsformen von anderen verwendet werden: can (present) could (past) und will (present, future) would (past).
Betonung
do/does/did
Actually I do know that, but thanks!
Fähigkeit
can
be able to/am able to/are able to/is able to/was able to/were able to
could
I can read pretty fast.
She was not able to catch her plane.
Could you finish the test yesterday?
Erlaubnis
may
might
Can I leave now?
May I come in?
Could you close the window?
Might I join you?
Verbot
cannot/can't
must not/mustn't
may not
be not to
You can't walk on the grass.
He must not fight with his sister.
You may not smoke in this room.
We are not to travel alone.
Verpflichtung / Ordnung
must
have to/have got to
be to
will
shall
We must stay quiet.
You have to go now.
I am to stay here and wait for her.
You will stop answering back now!
You shall work harder next time.
Pflicht / Beratung
should
ought to
He should study more seriously.
You ought go to bed earlier.
You must see this movie once in your life!
Notwendigkeit
have to/has to/had to
need to/needs to/needed to
He must stop complaining constantly.
I have to catch my train at 8 am.
I need to pay the rent every month.
Abwesenheit der Notwendigkeit
do not have to/don't have to/does not have to/doesn't have to/did not have to/didn't have to
need not/needn't/needs not/do not need to/don't need to/does not need to/doesn't need to/did not need to/didn't need to/needed not
You don't have to come if you don't want to.
You needn't worry, he will be fine.
Schuldigkeit
will/'ll
shall/'ll
I'll never lie to her again.
I shall honour this promise.
Bitte /Einladung
would
Shall we dance?
Will you come to the party tonight?
Would you please help me?
Unmöglichkeit
could not/couldn't
will not/won't
would not/wouldn't
This can't be right.
He couldn't stop crying when he heard the news.
Regrets won't help you now!
I told you it just wouldn't work.
Sicherheit
That'll be him ringing the doorbell.
Wahrscheinlichkeit
She should be home by now.
They must be very proud.
He can't be more than thirty.
Möglichkeit
He could be dead already.
It may or may not rain for the picnic.
This might be the answer to my problem.
It can be that she didn't want to bother you.
Angewohnheit
used to
I used to play in this park when I was little.
For years, she would visit her friends every Sunday.
Kühnheit
dare
do not dare/don't dare/does not dare/doesn't dare/daren't
did not dare/didn't dare/dared not
How dare you call me selfish?
I don't dare look down from the top.
She dared not complain about her bully.